1. Read Aloud

Works of Art (28 August 2020)

All the works of art shown in this exhibition were purchased on a shoestring budget. The criteria that the curators had to follow were that works must be acquired cheaply, appeal to a broad range of tastes, and fit with unusual environments. Thus, many of our better known modern artists are not represented.

Scientific Evidence (2 September 2020)

The latest scientific evidence on the nature and strength of the links between diet and chronic diseases is examined and discussed in detail in the following sections of this report. This section gives an overall view of the current situation and trends in chronic diseases at the global level.

Succulent Plants (6 September 2020)

Most succulent plants are found in regions where there is little rainfall, dry air, plenty of sunshine, porous soils and high temperatures during part of the year. These conditions have caused changes in plant structures, which have resulted in greatly increased thickness of stems, leaves and sometimes roots, enabling them to store moisture from the infrequent rains.

2. Describe Image

Fruits Supply Chain  (29 August 2020, Sydney)

South American Rainforest  (5 September 2020, Adelaide)

3. Summarize Written Text

Benefits of Honey (31 August 2020)

According to Dr. Ron Fessenden, M.D., M.P.H. the average American consumes more than 150 pounds of refined sugar, plus an additional 62 pounds of high fructose corn syrup every year. In comparison, we consume only around 1.3 pounds of honey per year on average in the U.S. According to new research, if you can switch out your intake of refined sugar and use pure raw honey instead, the health benefits can be enormous.

What is raw honey? Its a pure, unfiltered and unpasteurized sweetener made by bees from the nectar of flowers. Most of the honey consumed today is processed honey that’s been heated and filtered since it was gathered from the hive. Unlike processed honey, raw honey does not get robbed of its incredible nutritional value and health powers. It can help with everything from low energy to sleep problems to seasonal allergies. Switching to raw honey may even help weight-loss efforts when compared to diets containing sugar or high fructose corn syrup. I’m excited to tell you more about one of my all-time favorite natural sweeteners today.

4. Summarize Spoken Text 

Einstein (5 September 2020)

For thousands of years, philosophers and astronomers and thinkers of all sorts have imagined that the universe, the space around us was rather like this floor in front of us. It was fixed and unchangeable and thins happen on it, just as people walk around. So the stars, the comets, and the planets, and the other heavenly bodies moved around and traced down their parts on this completely unchanging stage of space. In the 20th century, as the result of Einstein’s work that view of the universe was completely transformed. We began to understand that there was no absolutely fixed stage of space at all on which all celestial notions were played out. But in some sense on the larger scale in the universe, the space itself was in the state of a continuous dynamic change. That was a prediction made by Einstein.But it wasn’t Einstein Harold the owner of making the discovery that our universe was really like that.

Agriculture and Urbanization (6 September 2020)

I am trying here to capture the dynamics that is conventionally being associated with urbanization developments. And get back once again, to this question of agriculture. Once you have cities and you also the reverse of the cities, you have countryside. You have rural areas and have this relationship with urban areas and it needs to developed agricultural goods. And you trade with increasing industrial goods. Increasing agriculture productivity, reduces labor needs and opportunities in the rural areas, pushing people towards to the cities. There is this notion that in order to have progress and development in cities, you need people. If everybody is busing growing to crops, growing food that exists, you can’t have people all going into the city. You need to increased productivity in the countryside. You need to have one farmer producing enough food for more than one family. And then you will have growth and productivity in the countryside, which will free of people move to the cities. In fact, in many ways, it will compel it. They will go to the cities and search for jobs and provide labor force for the production of all kinds of things.

5. Fill in the Blanks (Reading)

Mechanical Engineering (4 September 2020)

Mechanical engineering was at the heart of Taylor’s theorizing, providing the context for its development, the world view by which it was sustained and, finally, the justification for its widespread application. Scientific management aimed to analyse and control the activities of people in the same way that, engineers analysed and controlled machines. Central to Taylor’s system was the desire to rationalize and standardize production techniques in the interests of economy, efficiency and mutual prosperity. His primary point of interest was the individual worker pursuing individual goals and motivated by incentive payments. Undoubtedly Taylor’s view of human motivation was somewhat simplistic and his apprehension of the significance of groups limited and generally negative.

Underground Houses (27 August 2020)

Underground houses have many advantages over conventional housing. Unlike conventional homes, they can be built on steep surfaces and can maximize space in small areas by going below the surface.

In addition, the materials excavated in construction can be used in the building process. Underground houses have less surface area so fewer building materials are used, and maintenance costs are lower. They are also wind, fire, and earthquake resistant, providing a secure and safe environment in extreme weather.

One of the greatest benefits of underground living is energy efficiency. The earth’s subsurface temperature remains stable, so underground dwellings benefit from geothermal mass and heat exchange, staying cool in the summer and warm in the winter. This saves around 80% in energy costs. By incorporating solar design this energy bill can be reduced to zero, providing hot water and heat to the home all year round.

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