1. Read Aloud

Constellation (8 June 2020)

A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of stars forms an imaginary outline or pattern, typically representing an animal, mythological person or creature, or an inanimate object. The origins of the earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory.

Global Financial Crisis (30 May 2020)

New research shows that during the global financial crisis, workers who stayed in jobs did not reduce their working hours, despite the claims that cuts in hours have led to job losses. A study found that the life of people who stayed with the sam employer remained relatively unchanged.

Soil Samples (3 June 2020)

Investigators also compared those microbes with those living in 52 other soil samples taken from all around the planet. The park had organisms that also exist in deserts, frozen tundra, forests, rainforests, and prairies. Antarctica was the only area that had microbes that did not overlap with those found in Central Park. Only a small percentage of the park’s microbes were found to be already listed in databases.

2. Describe Image

Product Life Cycle (5 June 2020, Canberra)

Water Cycle (1 June 2020, Melbourne)

3. Summarize Written Text

Skip Breakfast (Version 2) (30 May 2020)

Skipping Breakfast Has Drawbacks – It’s no mystery why so many people routinely skip breakfast: bad timing. It comes at a time when folks can be more occupied with matters of grooming, attire and otherwise making themselves presentable for a new day. However, studies conducted both in the United States and internationally have shown that skipping breakfast can affect learning, memory and physical well-being. Students who skip breakfast are not as efficient at selecting critical information for problem-solving as their peers who have had breakfast. For schoolchildren, skipping breakfast diminishes the ability to recall and use newly acquired information, verbal fluency, and control of attention, according to Ernesto Pollitt, a UC Davis professor of pediatrics whose research focuses on the influence of breakfast on mental and physical performance. Skipping breakfast can impair thinking in adults, also. For both children and adults, a simple bowl of cereal with milk goes a long way toward providing a sufficiently nutritious start to the day. Green-Burgeson recommends choosing a cereal that’s low in sugar — less than five grams per serving — and using nonfat or one percent milk. Frederick Hirshburg, a pediatrician at UC Davis Medical Group, Carmichael, says that babies and other preschoolers rarely skip breakfast because “they’re usually the hungriest at the beginning of the day. Breakfast then becomes more of a “learned experience” than a response to a biological need, Hirshburg says.

4. Summarize Spoken Text 

English Language (6 June 2020)

English, as you have already read, is not a pure language. I don’t think there really are any pure languages in the world. But English is definitely not a pure language. English, in fact, has borrowed from over 350 languages in its history. So it’s a variety of many languages. Some people say it’s like a dog, a mongrel dog, a dog that has been made up of many different dogs. The English language is like that. By looking at the history of the English language we learn about the history of the English people. The two things are closely connected. So, in fact, today we are not only learning about language but we are learning about history. The fact that English has borrowed words from over 350 languages has been viewed differently throughout history. So for example in Shakespeare’s time people were very angry about words which were not, they thought, original English words – words which came from other languages, they didn’t like them.

Australian Housing Price (2 June 2020)

Well, it’s like, why is Australian housing is so expensive? Essentially, it’s showing of how well the Australian economy has been doing over the last 15 years. We have had 15 years more or less of an uninterrupted economic growth during which average earning has been raised by close to 90 percent. While over the course of that period, the standard variable mortgage rate has roughly halved. That meant that the amount which a typical home buying house hold can afford to borrow under rules which aren’t strictly applied as they used to be had more than doubled. Over the same period, rising immigration in falling average household size has meant that the number of households looking for accomodation has risen by about one and a half million. That’s around 200 thousand more than the number of dwellings has increased by. So you have had a substantial increase in the purchasing power of households. No net increase in the supply of housing enhance all that addition purchasing power has gone into pushing up the price of housing.

5. Fill in the Blanks (Reading)

Suez Canal (3 June 2020)

Britain became the largest shareholder in the canal in 1875, purchasing its interest from the Egyptian khedive. The Convention of Constantinople signed by the major European powers in 1888 keeps it open for free passage to all nations in time of peace or war. Britain became the guarantor of the canal’s neutrality and management was left to the Paris-based Suez Canal Co.

Secondary School (25 May 2020)

Secondary school can be a lonely place for adolescents who don’t have a best friend or a group of trusted friends. Young people will be more skilled in the art of making genuine friends (and keeping them) if they know how to be assertive , are optimistic about life, have some basic social skills and have a relationship with a parent/carer that includes honest talk.

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